\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Statue of Liberty) \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0646\u062d\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 28 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1886 \u0643\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1775-1783).<\/p>\n
\n
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0644.
\n <\/p>\n
<\/a><\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n – \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: 22 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1886.<\/p>\n – \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627: \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1885.<\/p>\n – \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643: 17 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1885.<\/p>\n – \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a: 28 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1886.<\/p>\n – \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a: 16 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1924.<\/p>\n – \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a: 1984.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
\n\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 600 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a \u06482.5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0640 49,000 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639.
\n
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: Liberty Enlightening the World)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 (Liberal Thought)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 “4 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1776″\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 7 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.
\n <\/p>\n
\n\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 47 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627 (154 \u0642\u062f\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0644 46 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627 (151 \u0642\u062f\u0645)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 93 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b (305 \u0642\u062f\u0645). \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0643 2.5 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b 125 \u0637\u0646\u0627.
\n
\n\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0630\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a (\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a 10 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1812 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f (Fort Wood) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1861-1865).
\n <\/p>\n
\n\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1869 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629: Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Auguste Bartholdi) \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u064f\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627 \u0641\u064a 16 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627. (\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629).
\n
\n{\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u061f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646: http:\/\/www.ahewar.org\/debat\/show.art.asp?aid=299340 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631 http:\/\/ejabat.google.com\/ejabat\/thread?tid=0e7c84d36a5f1467}<\/span><\/strong>
\n
\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 (1870-1940) \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 4 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1876.
\n <\/p>\n
\n\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645.
\n
\n\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u062a (Richard Morris Hunt) \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1885 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 22 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1886. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0643 (Eug\u00e8ne Viollet-le-Duc) \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644.
\n <\/p>\n
\n\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1884\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a (Isere)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a 17 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1885. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a 350 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a 214 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644.
\n
\n\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a 28 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1886 – \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628 6 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 – \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f (Grover Cleveland) \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a – \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 (William M. Evarts) – \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.
\n <\/p>\n
\n\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e:<\/span><\/strong>
\n– \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1903 \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0633 (Emma Lazarus) \u0628\u0639\u062f 20 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 1883.
\n
\n– \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1916 – \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 – \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 100,000 $ \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d.
\n
\n– \u0641\u064a 15 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1924 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (National Park Service)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0640\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.
\n
\n– \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a 11 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001.
\n <\/p>\n
\n– \u0641\u064a 28 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1936 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0641\u0644\u062a (Franklin D. Roosevelt) \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.
\n
\n– \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1984\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648.
\n
\n– \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627.
\n
\n– \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a 20 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001. \u0648\u0638\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a 3 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2004 \u0645 -\u0623\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f 3 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642- \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0640\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.
\n <\/p>\n
\n\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e:<\/span><\/strong>
\n– \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633: 5 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1885.<\/p>\n